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Cagrilintide is a synthetic, long-acting analog of amylin. Amylin is a naturally occurring peptide hormone released by the pancreas with insulin in response to food intake.
Here’s a breakdown of what cagrilintide does and its current status:
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cagrilintide activates both amylin and calcitonin receptors, offering a distinct mechanism of action compared to other weight loss agents like GLP-1 receptor agonists.
- This dual receptor activity leads to increased satiety (feeling of fullness), reduced food intake, and delayed gastric emptying.
- Cagrilintide also plays a role in managing blood glucose levels by helping to suppress glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar.
- Its structure is modified from pramlintide, the backbone peptide, with changes to enhance effectiveness, inhibit amyloid fibril formation, and prolong its action.
- Therapeutic Uses:
- Cagrilintide is being investigated as a treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
- It is often studied in combination with semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, forming a co-formulation called CagriSema.
- Early trials suggest it may also offer benefits for liver damage, alcohol-related liver disease, and heart/blood vessel disease.
- Clinical Trial Results (CagriSema):
- CagriSema has entered Phase III clinical trials.
- The REDEFINE 1 trial demonstrated significant weight loss in obese/overweight individuals treated with CagriSema. Over 68 weeks, participants experienced an average weight loss of 20.4%, compared to 3.0% with placebo.
- The REDEFINE 2 trial in individuals with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes also showed substantial weight reduction with CagriSema, nearly 16% in patients adhering to treatment.
- Clinical trial data indicates CagriSema can also improve blood pressure, waist circumference, lipid levels, and glycemic control.
- Side Effects:
- The most common side effects associated with cagrilintide are gastrointestinal, including nausea, constipation, and diarrhea.
- These side effects are similar to those seen with semaglutide alone and tend to decrease over time.
- Some patients describe a clear reduction in appetite without the intense nausea sometimes associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists.
- Mechanism of Action:
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