KPV, also known as ACTH(11-13) or alpha-MSH, is a peptide derived from the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). It consists of the amino acids lysine (K), proline (P), and valine (V). KPV is a short peptide sequence studied for its potential therapeutic properties in various fields, including inflammation, pain modulation, and skin pigmentation.

In research, KPV has shown promising effects in regulating immune responses, reducing inflammatory processes, and promoting tissue repair. Additionally, it has been investigated for its potential role in managing chronic pain by modulating pain signals in the nervous system.

Moreover, KPV might be involved in the regulation of skin pigmentation. As an analog of alpha-MSH, it can stimulate melanocytes in the skin to produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This property has led to its exploration of cosmetic and dermatological applications.

• Amino Acid Sequence: Lys-Pro-Val
• Molecular Formula: C16H30N4O4
• Molecular Weight: 342.43 g/mol
• PubChem CID: 125672
• CAS Number: 67727-97-3
• Synonyms: MSH (11-13), ACTH(11-13), alpha-MSH(11-13)
  

Source: PubChem

KPV and Intestinal Inflammation

The tripeptide KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) has been studied extensively for its potential role in reducing intestinal inflammation. Numerous studies have explored the anti-inflammatory properties of KPV and its effects on intestinal health.

Research has shown that KPV possesses anti-inflammatory properties, although the exact mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. Oral administration of KPV has been found to reduce the incidence of colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), as evidenced by a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. These findings suggest that KPV may help alleviate inflammation in the intestines.

Source: PubChem

Furthermore, studies have investigated the involvement of the PepT1 transporter in the uptake of KPV in intestinal epithelial and immune cells. This transporter plays a crucial role in the absorption of tripeptides like KPV. The anti-inflammatory effect of KPV appears to be mediated, at least in part, by the PepT1 transporter.

Source: PubChem

In animal models, KPV has demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory effects in murine models of colitis. These effects are believed to be associated with the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the reduction of intestinal inflammation.

It is worth noting that further research is required to fully understand the therapeutic potential of KPV in reducing intestinal inflammation. Nevertheless, these studies highlight the potential of KPV as a target for developing anti-inflammatory therapies for intestinal disorders.

KPV as a General Anti-Inflammatory Agent

KPV has been studied for its potential as a general anti-inflammatory agent. Although more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action, several studies have provided insights into how KPV behaves as a general anti-inflammatory compound.

Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines

KPV has shown the ability to inhibit the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). These cytokines play a crucial role in promoting inflammation. By suppressing their activity, KPV may help reduce inflammation in various tissues and organs.

Modulation of immune responses

KPV has been found to modulate immune responses by affecting immune cell function. It can regulate the activation and migration of immune cells, such as macrophages and T cells, which are involved in the inflammatory process. This modulation of immune responses can contribute to the overall anti-inflammatory effects of KPV.

Reduction of oxidative stress

Oxidative stress is known to contribute to inflammation. Studies have suggested that KPV possesses antioxidant properties and can help reduce oxidative stress. By mitigating oxidative stress, KPV may reduce inflammation and protect tissues from damage caused by reactive oxygen species.

Inhibition of inflammatory enzymes

KPV has demonstrated the ability to inhibit the activity of enzymes involved in producing inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). These enzymes play a role in synthesizing prostaglandins and nitric oxide, respectively, which are involved in inflammatory processes.

While these findings suggest the potential anti-inflammatory effects of KPV, it is important to note that more research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and evaluate its efficacy in different inflammatory conditions. KPV as a general anti-inflammatory agent requires further investigation and clinical trials to establish its safety and effectiveness.

Source: PubChem

Wound Healing and KPV

Research suggests that the KPV peptide potentially benefits wound healing. Studies have shown that KPV can speed up the wound healing process, reduce the risk of infection, fight inflammation, and even lead to better cosmetic results. These findings indicate that KPV may positively impact various aspects of wound healing.

One study explored the effects of KPV on mucosal healing in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. It was found that KPV decreased the inflammatory response in the colonic epithelial cells, suggesting its potential to enhance mucosal healing.

The pleiotropic effects of KPV and similar melanocortin peptides, such as alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), have been investigated in the context of cutaneous wound healing. These peptides, including KPV, are considered potential modulators of wound healing processes. They may regulate various phases of wound healing, leading to improved outcomes.

While more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms through which KPV promotes wound healing, these studies highlight the potential therapeutic applications of KPV in this area.

Scar Formation and KPV

Scar formation is a natural part of the wound-healing process. While KPV has shown potential benefits in wound healing, its specific effects on scar formation are not yet well-established. However, some studies suggest that KPV may be able to modulate certain factors involved in scar formation.

One aspect of scar formation is the excessive deposition of collagen, which can lead to the formation of raised or hypertrophic scars. Research has indicated that KPV and related peptides, such as alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), may help regulate collagen synthesis and degradation. By modulating collagen production, KPV can influence scar formation and potentially promote more favorable cosmetic outcomes.

Additionally, KPV has been studied for its anti-inflammatory properties, which could indirectly impact scar formation. Inflammation plays a crucial role in both wound healing and scar formation. By reducing inflammation, KPV may help minimize tissue damage and scar formation.

It’s worth noting that further research is needed to fully understand the effects of KPV on scar formation. The specific mechanisms and optimal dosage for scar reduction have not been clearly defined. Individual responses to KPV may vary, and it should be used under the guidance of healthcare professionals who can assess its suitability and efficacy for scar management.

Source: Wiley Online Library

KPV versus Alpha-MSH

KPV and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone are related peptides studied for their anti-inflammatory properties. Here’s some information available when we compare KPV to α-MSH:

Similar Anti-Inflammatory Properties

In various studies, KPV and α-MSH have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. The carboxyl-terminal tripeptides of α-MSH, which include KPV, have been reported as minimal sequences that can prevent inflammation.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Tripeptides

The C-terminal tripeptides of α-MSH, including KPV, have shown anti-inflammatory effects similar to those of α-MSH. These tripeptides have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, potentially contributing to the overall anti-inflammatory activity of α-MSH.

Potential Differences

While both KPV and α-MSH have anti-inflammatory effects, they may differ. Further research is needed to fully understand the unique mechanisms and specific properties of each peptide. It will be interesting to investigate whether KPV has antimicrobial actions similar to α-MSH.

Peptide Delivery and Stability

KPV is chemically stable and smaller in size compared to α-MSH, making it potentially advantageous for peptide delivery. KPV has been used in formulations such as oral sprays for its anti-inflammatory benefits.

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. E. Logan, M.D. Dr. E. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

Didier Merlin, Ph.D. is a professor at Georgia State University and research career scientist at Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Ga. His research area is the study of intestinal epithelia, as directly related to intestinal bowel disease (IBD). Over one million adults and children in the U.S., including members of the VA population, suffer from IBD, and about 50,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. The VA IBD patients have a much higher rate of colorectal cancer compared to the general population. New therapeutic strategies based on a better understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD will improve the clinical care of veteran and non-veteran patients with this disorder.

Didier Merlin is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of KPV. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Peptide Shop and this doctor. The purpose of citing the doctor is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this peptide.

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